José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa (born 1957) was Portugal's Prime Minister during the 2008 financial crisis. An engineer by training, he rose through the Socialist Party (PS) to become its leader and PM.

His tenure saw the Eurozone crisis hit Portugal hard, leading to EU/IMF bailout negotiations and his resignation in 2011. In November 2014, he became the first Portuguese PM arrested on corruption charges.

The "Operation Marquis" investigation alleged he received €34 million in bribes from businessmen, particularly connected to banker Ricardo Salgado and the Espírito Santo empire. His case has become the longest-running corruption trial in Portuguese democracy.

Key roles: Prime Minister (2005-2011) Born: 1957, Porto